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Background: It is likely that the sense of taste evolved to alert humans to the nutritive or poisonous nature of possible foods. This study has been undertaken to unravel and highlight a possible relationship between the fat taste threshold and obesity, especially among young population. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to detect the fat taste threshold in young lean and overweight individuals and to compare the threshold in these individuals with age- and sex-matched normal individuals. Materials and Methods: The taste threshold for fat was detected in 50, normal (Body mass index [BMI] (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), lean (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), and overweight individuals (BMI of 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) of both sexes with the age between 18 and 30 years. The statistical analysis was done using Analysis of variance test. Results: Young lean individuals could detect the fatty acid taste at the lower concentration compared to overweight individuals, who detected at higher concentration (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Lean male and female showed a significant taste detection threshold for fat at low concentration compared to overweight male and female as well as with normal individual. Fatty acid taste detection is very important in day-to-day life for the disease-free life.
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AIM: To report 5 cases with drug-induced bilateral acute ciliochoroidal effusion(DBACE)and myopic shift, with or without ocular hypertension(OHT), summarize patients' clinical characteristics and recovery process of DBACE, and investigate the possible pathophysiological mechanism.METHODS:A retrospective observational case study conducted from June 2017 to February 2021. The included patients were subjected to a series of ocular examinations listed as follows: 1)best corrected visual acuity; 2)intraocular pressure(IOP); 3)slit-lamp microscopy; 4)fundus photography; 5)ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM); 6)subjective optometry; 7)axial length and anterior chamber depth. All patients were followed up every 2d until the diopters were completely restored to the state before the disease onset.RESULTS:In total, 5 patients aged 10-45 years old, including 3 female and 2 male patients, were enrolled in this study. All patients were bilaterally involved(5/5), and had myopic shift(5/5), of whom 3 patients had OHT(3/5). With the increase of age, myopic shift decreased, while OHT increased. Based on OHT, the dynamic aggravation process of DBACE was subdivided into 2 stages, stage 1(myopic shift without OHT)and stage 2(myopic shift with OHT). With the deterioration of DBACE, when myopic shift approached or exceeded the minimum amplitude of accommodation(MAA), IOP gradually rose, and DBACE progressed from stage 1 to stage 2. With the recovery of DBACE after discontinuing the suspicious drugs, DBACE in stage 2 first returned to stage 1, and then returned to normal.CONCLUSION:Pathophysiological mechanism of DBACE was subdivided into 2 stages, including stage 1(myopic shift without OHT)and stage 2(myopic shift with OHT). The transition between the two stages depends on the imbalance between myopic shift and MAA.
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Purpose: The present study was performed to compare the optical quality of the eyes of myopic children before and after treatment with atropine eye drops of different concentrations. Methods: In the study population of 71 patients (131 eyes), 34 patients (63 eyes) were given 0.01% atropine eye drops and 37 patients (68 eyes) were given 0.05% atropine eye drops. The modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff frequency, Strehl ratio, objective scattering index (OSI), and predicted visual acuities (PVAs 100%, 20%, and 9%) under different lighting conditions were measured before and after two weeks of atropine treatment. Results: After using 0.05% atropine eye drops for two weeks, the Strehl ratio decreased from 0.27 ± 0.07 to 0.23 ± 0.07 (P = 0.0026), PVA 20% decreased from 1.15 ± 0.32 to 1.03 ± 0.36 (P = 0.0344), and PVA 9% decreased from 0.74 ± 0.23 to 0.64 ± 0.23 (P = 0.0073). The OSI was significantly higher after using 0.05% than 0.01% atropine eye drops (P = 0.0396), while both the Strehl ratio and PVA 20% were lower after using 0.05% than 0.01% atropine eye drops (P = 0.0087 and P = 0.0492, respectively). Conclusion: The children’s optical quality did not change significantly after using 0.01% atropine eye drops, whereas it decreased after using 0.05% atropine eye drops.
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Low?concentration atropine (LCA; 0.01%) is known to reduce the progression of myopia in axial myopes. The purpose of this study was to understand the role of LCA in premyopic children in preventing progression. Methods: A randomized case–control study of known premyopes was done between the use of LCA and no intervention. A total of 30 children were included in both groups. Results: The mean age in the LCA group was 7.7 ± 2.1 years (5–12 years), and in the control group, it was 7.2 ± 1.9 years (4–12 years). The mean baseline progression per year in the LCA group (before starting the eye drops) was ? 0.72 ± 0.3 D, and in the control group, it was ? 0.69 ± 0.4 D. At the end of the first year, the mean progression in the LCA group was ? 0.31 ± 0.3 D versus ? 0.76 ± 0.4 D, and the axial length increase was 0.12 ± 0.1 mm in the LCA group and 0.21 ± 0.2 mm in the control group. At the end of the second year, the mean progression compared with the baseline in the LCA group was ? 0.6 ± 0.3 D versus ? 1.75 ± 0.4 D, and the axial length showed an increase from baseline in the LCA group by 0.21 ± 0.2 mm, and in the control group, the increase was 0.48 ± 0.2 mm in 2 years. Conclusion: Low?concentration eye drops (0.01%) work in preventing the progression of axial myopia in premyopic children.
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@#As the prevalence of myopia continues to increase, our society shows increasing interest in the visual impairment associated with myopia and methods for myopia control. Current methods for myopia control include atropine, orthokeratology, dual-focus contact lenses, multifocal contact lenses, and functional frame glasses, <i>etc</i>. Low-concentration atropine(0.01%, 0.05%)became the first-line medication which has been administrated and shown to be effective in controlling the occurrence and progression of myopia. Meanwhile, low-concentration atropine shows longer-lasting effects, less frequent adverse effects and higher patients' acceptance than high-concentration atropine. This article reviews the efficacy, safety, time-to-treatment, and effects when combined with other treatments to provide evidence for the clinical application of low-concentration atropine on myopia control.
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@#AIM: To observe the control effects of low concentration atropines, orthokeratology, and spectacles on children with myopia in Baotou, and to analyze change rules of myopia-related regulatory parameters for providing bases for myopia preventions and controls.<p>METHODS: We selected 120 children with myopia aged 8-14 years old(240 eyes), treated in Ophthalmology Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from June 2018 to December 2018. They were divided into three groups as follows: low concentration atropine group, orthokeratology group, and spectacles group. The accommodative lag, positive relative accommodation, negative relative accommodation, and diopter were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 12mo.<p>RESULTS:During the follow ups of 3, 6, and 12mo. We observed a statistically significant difference in the accommodative lag between the orthokeratology group and low concentration atropine group spectacles group(<i>P</i><0.05). At the 6, 12mo follow up, there was a statistical difference in the accommodative lag between the orthokeratology group and the spectacles group(<i>P</i><0.05). During the follow ups of 3, 6, and 12mo, there was a statistically significant difference in negative relative accommodations among the low concentration atropine group, orthokeratology group, and spectacles group(<i>P</i><0.05). The difference in positive relative accommodations was statistically significant among the orthokeratology group, low concentration atropine group, and spectacles group at each time point during the follow ups(<i>P</i><0.05). During the follow ups of 6, 12mo,the difference of equivalent spherical lens was statistically significant among the low concentration atropine group and spectacles group(<i>P</i><0.05). At the follow up 12mo, the difference between the equivalent spherical lens of the orthokeratology group and the spectacles group was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The effects of three commonly used methods of controlling myopia on the accommodation parameters of myopic children are as follows: orthokeratology can not only solve the problem of hyperopia defocus by reducing accommodation lags but also improve positive relative accommodations, while it should be worn for a prolonged period. Low concentration atropine can improve the negative relative accommodations. However, there may be other ways to control myopia development. Compared to other groups, the spectacles group exerted fewer effects on each adjustment index, and did not demonstrate a significant effect on myopia control.
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Objective@#To investigated the effect of long-term low-concentration mixed benzene exposure on peripheral blood of male workers.@*Methods@#A case-control study was conducted to select 452 male workers exposed to mixed benzene (benzene, toluene, xylene) for five consecutive years from January 2012 to December 2016 in an automobile manufacturer as case group, and 438 male administrative and logistic managers who underwent physical examination during the same period as control group. The peripheral blood of the two groups was tested and compared, and the occupational hazards in the workplace were detected.@*Results@#There were low dose exposure to mixed benzene in the enterprise, but the test results met the occupational exposure limit requirements. During the five years from 2010 to 2016, between the two groups of workers, the mean values of WBC, NEUT, RBC and Hb were statistically different (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in the mean value of PLT. The abnormal rate of main peripheral blood indexes in the control group was higher than that in the exposed group. There were significant differences in NEUT, RBC and Hb (P< 0.05), but no significant differences in WBC and PLT (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#It can not be concluded that long-term low-concentration mixed benzene exposure can cause the change of peripheral blood index.
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Objective To explore the feasibility of low-concentration contrast agent and low-dose technology for pulmonary angiography by comparing the image quality and radiation doses to the patient by different tube voltages and concentrations of contrast agents.Methods Totally 60 patients suspected with pulmonary embolism were divided into C, L1 and L2 groups, of which,Group C had the scanning parameters of 120 kV and 350 mgI/ml,Group L1 had the parameters as 100 kV and 350 mgI/ml and Group L2 had the parameters of 100 kV and 270 mgI/ml.The three groups had the tube voltage as 500 mA, the contrast agent dose as 25 ml,physiological saline dose as 40 ml and flow rate as 4.5 ml/s.SPSS 19.0 software was used to compare and analyze the CT values of pulmonary artery segment,superior vena cava and ascending aorta,main pulmonary artery noises,the image quality as well as the radiation doses of volume scanning. Results The three groups had the main pulmonary aortas and their branches display clearly to meet clinical requirements.When compared with Group C,Group L1 had higher CT values of the main pulmonary aorta and its branches,higher image noise while lower radiation dose (P<0.01);Group L2 had equivalent CT values of the main pulmonary aorta and its branches (P>0.05),higher image noise while lower radiation dose (P<0.01).When compared with Group L1,Group L2 had lower CT values of the main pulmonary aorta and its branches (P<0.01),and equivalent image noise and radiation dose (P>0.05).Conclusion Low-concentration contrast agent and low-dose technology gains feasibility and advantages when used in 320-slice CT pulmonary angiography.
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Objective To explore the feasibility of low-tube-voltage and low-concentration contrast agent applied to coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the overweight patients. Methods Totally 83 overweight patients with suspected coronary heart disease who underwent coronary artery angiography were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A used 100 kVp and ioversol-320 mg/ml, and Group B received 120 kVp and iopamidol-370 mg/ml. Both the groups went through prospectively ECG-gated scanning. The two groups were compared on the image quality, radiation dose, iodine intake and coronary artery segments scores. Results The effective radiation dose and iodine intake in Group A were significantly lower than those in Group B (P<0.05). Group A had the coronary artery CT value and image noise lower significantly than Group B (P<0.05). No significant differences in signal to noise ratio, contrast to noise ratio and coronary artery segments scores were observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion For coronary artery CTA in the overweight patients, low-tube-voltage and low-concentration contrast agent still preserves the image quality, as well as significantly reduces the radiation dose and iodine intake.
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@#AIM: To study the effects between low concentration atropine and orthokeratology on myopia prevention and control.<p>METHODS: Totally 150 cases of juvenile outpatients with myopia were chosen in our hospital. They were divided into 3 groups randomly. Group A(50 cases)were treated with low concentration atropine. Group B(50 cases)were treated with orthokeratology. Group C(50 cases)were treated with spectacles. Refractive degree and ocular axial length had no statistically significant differences between three groups before treatment. After 1a follow-up, refractive degree and ocular axial length of three groups were statistically analyzed. <p>RESULTS: After 1a, the refractive degree changes of each group before and after treatment were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.01). The results of refractive degree changes among the groups were as follows: there was no significant differences between low concentration atropine group and orthokeratology group(<i>P</i>>0.05); compared with orthokeratology and low concentration atropine group, that of spectacles group was significantly different(<i>P</i>>0.05). After 1a follow up, the ocular axial length changes of each group before and after treatment were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.01). The results of ocular axial length changes among the groups were as follows: there was no significant differences between low concentration atropine group and orthokeratology group(<i>P</i>>0.05); compared with orthokeratology and low concentration atropine group, that of spectacles group was significantly different(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The effects of low concentration atropine and orthokeratology on controlling juvenile myopia and ocular axial length have no significant difference. They are superior to spectacles on controlling juvenile myopia.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical value of myocardial perfusion imaging with dual-source dual-energy CT and a contrast agent at a low concen.tration in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the elderly Methods One-stop cardiac imaging with dual-source CT was conducted in 138 elderly patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction between October 2015 and May 2016.The patients were randomly divided into two groups,Group A and Group B,each with 69 patients.Myocardial perfusion was performed for coronary imaging,using 70 ml Visipaque(270 g/L)and 50 ml saline for Group A and 70 ml iopromide(370 g/L)and 50 ml saline for Group B.Myocardial transmural perfusion gradients(TPG)were calculated,and the total iodine dose and the rate of iodine infusion were compared between the two groups.Results The procedure was successfully carried out in all 138 patients.There was no statistically significant difference in TPG between the two groups in the right coronary artery,the anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery(P＞0.05).The total iodine dose for Group A was 18.5 g,27％ less than that for Group B(25.9 g).The rate of iodine infusion for Group A was 3.5 g/s,also 27％ less than that for GroupB(18.5 g/s).Conclusions Myocardial perfusion imaging with dual-source dual-energy CT and contrast agents at low concentrations is a promising approach,which is capable of achieving quality imaging for the assessment of myocardial infarction with reduced use of iodine and represents a clinically valuable option.
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Objective:To investigate the effect and application feasibility of low tube voltage, low concentration of contrast agent volume to CTA in the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis and its effect.Methods: Seventy two cases of suspected patients with coronary atherosclerosis selected as the object Using random number table method, all patients were divided into group A and group B 36 cases in each group, two groups of patients underwent 320 slice CTA examination, in group A the tube voltage is 120kV, the contrast agent was 350mgI/mL iodixanol group, B tube voltage is set to 100kV, the contrast agent was 270mgI/mL iodixanol. According to the examination results of group A, group B and catheter coronary angiography (CCA), evaluated group A, group B of acquiring the image quality and radiation dose of patients, and analyzed the sensitivity of A, B and CCA examination of the extent of coronary artery stenosis degree and deliberately.Results: The quartering method showed no significant difference between the group A and the group B of image quality. There was significant difference between the two groups of patients with the image noise and enhance the effect (t=-4.736, 11.927;P<0.05); Group B of coronary artery stenoses (more than 50%) and severe stenosis (more than 75%) sensitivity, specially degree and coincidence rate compared with the results of CCA showed no significant difference. Kappa consistency analysis showed that the two consistency is good(kappa=1.320,P<0.001).Conclusion: In the premise of ensuring the image quality with low tube voltage, low concentration of contrast agent volume coronary CTA examination had safety and reliability of inspection.
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Objective To make a preliminary study on the results from qualitative and quantitative detection of low concentra-tion hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg).Methods 85 HBsAg low concentration serum samples (ELISA method test re-sults were 0.60.05)and 0.60.05).The positive detection rate showed statistically difference between ELISA (70.6%)and CMIA,TRFIA in 0.6TRFIA>ELISA.②The contents of HBsAg showed statistically difference among 0.6TRFIA>ELISA.③There was a positive correlation between the three methods of HBsAg content (t=2.939,2.928,60.915,P<0.05).The correlation between CMIA method and TRFIA method was the best (r=0.989).Con-clusion CMIA was the first choice for testing low concentration HBsAg,TRFIA was the second.For the specimens of the low concentration HBsAg detected by ELISA should be suggested to clinical and retested by CMIA or TRFIA in order to a-void missing detection.And it was not recommended to clinical that different methods of quantitative or half-quantitative re-sults were transverse compared in order to avoid misdiagnosis.
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A method of detecting lead was developed using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) with DNA-carbon nanotube paste electrode (CNTPE). The results indicated a sensitive oxidation peak current of lead on the DNA-CNTPE. The curves were obtained within a concentration range of 50 ngL-1-20 mgL-1 with preconcentration time of 100, 200, and 400 sec at the concentration of mgL-1, microgL-1, and ngL-1, respectively. The observed relative standard deviation was 0.101% (n = 12) in the lead concentration of 30.0 microgL-1 under optimum conditions. The low detection limit (S/N) was pegged at 8 ngL-1 (2.6 x10-8 M). Results showed that the developed method can be used in real-time assay in vivo without requiring any pretreatment and pharmaceutical samples, and food samples, as well as other materials requiring water source contamination analyses.
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Electrodes , Limit of Detection , Nanotubes , Plants , WaterABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To develop an HPLC method for determination of main component in low concentration of alprostadil for injection. METHODS: Diode array detector was used for full wavelength scanning of the low concentration of alprostadil sample solution (20 ?g?mL-1) with detection wavelength set at 214 nm and the reference wavelength at 250 nm. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.02 mol?L-1 KH2PO4 solution (pH 4.9,40∶60) at a flow rate of 1 mL?min-1. RESULTS: The linear range of alprostadil was 10～320 ?g?mL-1 (r=0.999 9) and the average recovery rate was 98.26% (RSD=1.68%). CONCLUSION: The method is of low cost and it is applicable for the determination of the low concentration of alprostadil for injection.